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According to the latest statistics from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there will be nearly 20 million new cases of cancer and nearly 10 million deaths from cancer in 2022[1]. The common treatment methods for cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, and natural products play important roles in both chemotherapy and immunotherapy for cancer.
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Classic anti-cancer drugs derived from natural products
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Approximately 50% of anti-cancer drugs come from natural products or their semi-synthetic derivatives. Key examples include Paclitaxel, Camptothecin, Vinblastine, and Etoposide[2].
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The role of natural products in immunotherapy
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Cancer immunotherapy targets tumors by activating immune defenses or biological compounds, serving as the fourth major treatment methodology[3]. Main approaches include cancer vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and CAR-T therapy.
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Figure 1. Methods of Immunotherapy[4].
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Natural products enhance immunotherapy following these aspects[4]:
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(1) Expand indications and improve the efficiency of cancer vaccines
Natural products boost tumor immunogenicity through ICD effects and serve as vaccine adjuvants to enhance immune stimulation and counter suppression.
(2) Enhancing the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Natural products reduce PD-1 and PD-L1 expression via JAK-STAT and NF-kB pathways, reversing immune suppression. They complement anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatments.
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Figure 2. Inhibition of PD-1 and PD-L1 expression by natural products[4].
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(3) Sensitized CAR-T Therapy
Natural products improve adoptive cell therapy by enhancing CIK cell efficiency and increasing T cell numbers in vitro.
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MCE Popular Anti-cancer Natural Products for Your Research
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Product Name
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Description
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Structural Classification
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Capsaicin
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An active component of chili peppers, is a TRPV1 agonist with pain relief, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection and anti-cancer effects.
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Alkaloids
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Ginsenoside Rk1
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Exhibits anti-tumor effect, antiplatelet aggregation activities, anti-insulin resistance effect.
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Saponins
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QS-21
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An immunostimulatory saponin, could be used as a potent vaccine adjuvant.
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Apigenin
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A competitive CYP2C9 inhibitor.
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Flavone
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Baicalin
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An allosteric carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1) activator.
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Curcumin
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A p300/CREB-binding protein-specific inhibitor of acetyltransferase, represses the acetylation of histone/nonhistone proteins and histone acetyltransferase-dependent chromatin transcription.
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Phenols
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References:
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[1] Freddie Bray, et al. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 May-Jun;74(3):229-263.
[2] Naeem A, et al. Molecules. 2022 Nov 30;27(23):8367.
[3] Cha JH, et al. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Aug 3;10(8):a036863.
[4] DongS, et al. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Mar;12(3):1163-1185.
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Products are for research use only and are not intended for human use. We do not sell to patients.
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