| Description |
FGF basic (also known as FGF2 and HBGF-2) is an 18-34 kDa, heparin-binding member of the FGF superfamily of molecules (1-3). Superfamily members are characterized by the presence of a centrally placed beta -trefoil structure. FGF acidic (FGF-1) and FGF basic (FGF2) were the first two identified FGFs, and the designations acidic and basic refer to their relative isoelectric points. Human FGF basic is 288?amino acids (aa) in length. There are multiple start sites, four of which utilize atypical CUG codons, and one that initiates at an AUG start site (4 - 6). The four CUG start sites generate high molecular weight (HMW) FGF basic. There is a 34?kDa, 288?aa?form, a 24?kDa, 210?aa form, a 22.5?kDa, 201?aa form, and a 22?kDa, 196 aa form. All are retained intracellularly, undergo extensive methylation, and possess one or more nuclear localization signals (NLS) (7-9). The AUG initiating form is 18?kDa and 155?aa in length. There is no signal sequence (ss). It is, however, secreted directly through the plasma membrane via a mechanism that appears to be dependent upon tertiary structure (10). In place of a ss, there is purportedly a 9?aa N-terminal prosegment that precedes a 146?aa mature segment (11). Early isolations of 18?kDa bovine FGF basic yielded 146?aa molecules, an effect attributed to the presence of acid proteases (12). The molecule contains a heparin-binding site (aa residues 128-144), and undergoes phosphorylation at Ser117 (13). There is also an ill-defined C-terminal NLS that may be more “functional” (or 3-dimensional) than structural (7). Human 146?aa FGF basic is 97%?aa identical to mouse FGF?basic (14). |
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